Graft union formation in artichoke grafting onto wild and cultivated cardoon: An anatomical study

In order to develop a non-chemical method such as grafting effective against well-known artichoke soil borne diseases, an anatomical study of union formation in artichoke grafted onto selected wild and cultivated cardoon rootstocks, both resistant to Verticillium wilt, was performed. The cardoon accessions Belgio (cultivated cardoon) and Sardo (wild cardoon) were selected as rootstocks for grafting combinations with the artichoke cv. Romolo. Grafting experiments were carried out in the autumn and spring. The anatomical investigation of grafting union formation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the grafting portions at the 3rd, 6th, 10th, 12th day after grafting. For the autumn experiment only, SEM analysis was also performed at 30 d after grafting.     

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

The treatment of osteochondral articular defects has been challenging physicians for many years. The better understanding of interactions of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in recent years led to increased attention to restoration of the entire osteochondral unit. In comparison to chondral lesions the regeneration of osteochondral defects is much more complex and a far greater surgical and therapeutic challenge. The damaged tissue does not only include the superficial cartilage layer but also the subchondral bone. For deep, osteochondral damage, as it occurs for example with osteochondrosis dissecans, the full thickness of the defect needs to be replaced to restore the joint surface ¹. Eligible therapeutic procedures have to consider these two different tissues with their different intrinsic healing potential ². In the last decades, several surgical treatment options have emerged and have already been clinically established ^3-6.Autologous or allogeneic osteochondral transplants consist of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and allow the replacement of the entire osteochondral unit. The defects are filled with cylindrical osteochondral grafts that aim to provide a congruent hyaline cartilage covered surface ^3,7,8. Disadvantages are the limited amount of available grafts, donor site morbidity (for autologous transplants) and the incongruence of the surface; thereby the application of this method is especially limited for large defects.New approaches in the field of tissue engineering opened up promising possibilities for regenerative osteochondral therapy. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes marked the first cell based biological approach for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage lesions and is now worldwide established with good clinical results even 10 to 20 years after implantation ^9,10. However, to date, this technique is not suitable for the treatment of all types of lesions such as deep defects involving the subchondral bone ¹¹.The sandwich-technique combines bone grafting with current approaches in Tissue Engineering ^5,6. This combination seems to be able to overcome the limitations seen in osteochondral grafts alone. After autologous bone grafting to the subchondral defect area, a membrane seeded with autologous chondrocytes is sutured above and facilitates to match the topology of the graft with the injured site. Of course, the previous bone reconstruction needs additional surgical time and often even an additional surgery. Moreover, to date, long-term data is missing ¹².Tissue Engineering without additional bone grafting aims to restore the complex structure and properties of native articular cartilage by chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of the transplanted cells. However, again, it is usually only the cartilage tissue that is more or less regenerated. Additional osteochondral damage needs a specific further treatment. In order to achieve a regeneration of the multilayered structure of osteochondral defects, three-dimensional tissue engineered products seeded with autologous/allogeneic cells might provide a good regeneration capacity ¹¹.Beside autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seem to be an attractive alternative for the development of a full-thickness cartilage tissue. In numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, mesenchymal stem cells have displayed excellent tissue regeneration potential ^13,14. The important advantage of mesenchymal stem cells especially for the treatment of osteochondral defects is that they have the capacity to differentiate in osteocytes as well as chondrocytes. Therefore, they potentially allow a multilayered regeneration of the defect.In recent years, several scaffolds with osteochondral regenerative potential have therefore been developed and evaluated with promising preliminary results ^1,15-18. Furthermore, fibrin glue as a cell carrier became one of the preferred techniques in experimental cartilage repair and has already successfully been used in several animal studies ^19-21 and even first human trials ²².The following protocol will demonstrate an experimental technique for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from a rabbit''s bone marrow, for subsequent proliferation in cell culture and for preparing a standardized in vitro-model for fibrin-cell-clots. Finally, a technique for the implantation of pre-established fibrin-cell-clots into artificial osteochondral defects of the rabbit''s knee joint will be described.     

Changes in anti-heat shock protein 27 antibody and C-reactive protein levels following cardiac surgery and their association with cardiac function in patients with cardiovascular disease

The relationship between serum anti-heat shock protein (Hsp)27 antibody and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and indices of cardiac function were investigated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or heart valve replacement. The changes in anti-Hsp27 antibody titers and hs-CRP levels were compared among patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump CABG or valvular heart replacement. Fifty-three patients underwent off-pump, on-pump CABG, and heart valvular replacement in each group. Serum anti-Hsp27 titers and hs-CRP values were measured 24 h before and after the operation and at discharge. Echocardiography was performed before surgery and before discharge. The results were compared with values from 83 healthy controls. hs-CRP levels increased and anti-Hsp27 antibody decreased following surgery (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), although these changes were independent of operative procedure (P = 0.361 and P = 0.120, respectively). Anti-Hsp27 antibody levels were higher at the time of discharge (P = 0.016). Only in coronary patients were anti-Hsp27 antibody levels negatively associated with E/E′ (r = −0.268, P = 0.022), a marker of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. In conclusions, anti-Hsp27 antibody levels are associated with indices of cardiac function in coronary patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass had no significant effect on the induction of changes in anti-Hsp27 levels. Moreover, anti-Hsp27 antibody levels fell in all groups postoperatively; this may be due to the formation of immune complexes of antigen–antibody, and antibody levels were higher at the time of discharge.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12192-012-0358-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The responses of Apis mellifera jemenitica to different artificial queen rearing techniques

In the current study, we investigated if any variations exist in acceptance rate of grafted larvae and quality of queens reared in different queen cell cup sizes, between wet and dry grafting and between queen right and queen less conditions of A. m. jemenitica colonies. The acceptance rate of grafted larvae in different queen cell cup sizes (7.0 mm, 7.5 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.5 mm) were varying from 69 to 71% and the variations were not significant among the different queen cups sizes but averagely lower than the acceptances recorded for other races. Out of the 172 dry grafted larvae, only 56.4% of them were accepted while in wet grafting out of 174 grafted larvae 77.01% were accepted. Regarding the rate of sealing, 48.84% and 71.84% of them sealed for dry and wet grafts, respectively. The observed variation in the rate of acceptance and sealing were significant (N = 346, df = 1, P < 0.0001) between the two techniques. However, there was no significant difference in fresh weight of emerged queens between the two grafting methods. Out of the 324 grafted larvae given to queen right and queen less starter colonies each; 106 (32.72%) and 252 (73.68%) were accepted in queen right and queen less starter colonies, respectively and the variation was highly significant at P < 0.0001. The total number of sealed pupae were 82 (25.31%) and 216 (63.16%) for queen right and queen less colonies, respectively and the variations was significant at P < 0.0001. From the study it can be concluded that A. m. jemenitica colonies can rear significantly more queens under wet grafting and in queen less colonies conditions than dry grafting and queen right conditions     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜养分吸收、伤流液中激素含量和产量的影响

以薄皮甜瓜品种‘玉美人’作接穗,以白籽南瓜‘圣砧一号’为砧木进行嫁接,以自根苗为对照的结果表明,嫁接植株的南瓜根系主动吸收能力增强,其伤流量比自根植株的大,植株吸收氮钾的能力高于自根植株,而吸收磷的能力则有所降低。伤流液中玉米素（ZT）、赤霉素（GAs）和脱落酸（ABA）的浓度均低于自根植株,但ZT和GA的含量高于自根苗,而ABA的含量低于自根苗。嫁接植株的增产效果显著,其平均单瓜重和667m^2产量均高于自根植株。     

魔芋接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

本实验以魔芋精粉为基体,环己烷为连续相,Span-60为分散剂,硝酸铈铵为引发剂、用反相悬浮聚合法合成魔芋-丙烯酸高吸水性树脂。研究了多种因素对接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响。结果表明:反应时间为2 h、魔芋精粉与丙烯酸质量比为1∶5、交联剂用量为物料质量的0.04%、引发剂为3×10-3mol/L、丙烯酸中和度为60%、反应温度为70℃时,接枝共聚物吸水性能最优。并通过对接枝产物的红外图谱分析,证实了反应的可行性。     

自体吸疱表皮移植术结合搔刮术治疗白癜风的临床评价

目的:观察和比较搔刮术结合负压吸疱术和传统负压吸疱术对白癜风复色的疗效。方法:将90例稳定期白癜风患者随机分成搔刮术结合负压吸疱术组(45例)和传统负压吸疱术组(45例),分别给予搔刮术结合负压吸疱术和传统负压吸疱术治疗。治疗后,比较两组的复色情况,是否留有白斑缝隙,并进行白癜风疗效评价。进一步分析皮损部位、性别、临床类型对搔刮术结合负压吸疱术和传统负压吸疱术临床疗效的影响。结果:治疗后,搔刮术结合负压吸疱术组和传统负压吸疱术组在整体疗效无显著性差异(P0.05)。搔刮术结合负压吸疱术组术后获得成片复色比例显著高于传统负压吸疱术组(88.9%vs. 4.4%,P0.001)。不同性别患者接受搔刮术结合负压吸疱术和传统负压吸疱术的疗效比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。表皮移植术结合搔抓术组和单一表皮移植术组中,皮损发生在颈部、面部相比于躯干部、四肢、手足部的疗效明显更佳,局限型和节段型相比于散发型、肢端型的疗效更佳。结论:自体吸疱表皮移植术结合搔刮术用于稳定期白癜风的复色效果相比于传统自体吸疱表皮移植术疗效更佳。     

Effect of genotype and graft type on the hydraulic characteristics and water relations of grafted melon

Abstract

From the measurements of the profiles of hydraulic conductance and water potential from soil through to the leaf system in fully established melon plants, the limits to water flow set by coupling of hydraulic conductance (k) with water relation parameters was evaluated in the laboratory using high pressure flow device (HPFM) and evaporative flux method (EF). The rootstock Arava was grafted onto self, and onto two genotypes (AR57 and AR82) using side and V graft types, and there was an ungrafted control. Hydraulic transport efficiency was estimated from measurements of evaporative flux (transpiration rate) and leaf water potential (ψL) measured between pre-dawn and sunset during the growth cycle. Measured parameters to characterize the hydraulic efficiency (architecture) of the vascular system of melon were normalized to areas of leaves and stem cross section; this enabled the examination of their physiological and ecological functions. The effects of rootstock genotype were more marked on graft union and scion water relations. Differences in the magnitudes of water relation parameters of hydraulic conductance, water potential (lwp) and evaporative water loss (EF) were detected. AR/RS82 side grafted exhibited high EF and Kh despite its lower leaf water potential compared to AR/RS57 V grafted. Self grafting (Arava/Arava grafts) in melon seems to improve water relations and xylem water transport efficiency. Parameters describing the hydraulic efficiency (architecture) of vascular system of melon plants were described in relation to plant attributes. The expression of hydraulic conductance of the root and shoot system relative to plant attributes did not eliminate differences in the magnitudes of conductance elements in tomato and melon. Differences obtained among the different melon grafts in whole plant leaf and stem area specific hydraulic conductance (Kl) indicate the carbon efficiency and hence the cost of resource allocation to areas of root surface and leaves. The role of plant water relations in root-shoot communications and whole plant regulation of water flux are inferred from this study.     

选择性冠状静脉动脉化搭桥术中不同移植物的应用疗效比较

目的:对比选择性冠状静脉动脉化(SCVBG)搭桥治疗弥漫性右冠状动脉狭窄病变中选择乳内动脉和大隐静脉作为桥血管的治疗效果。方法:选择2008年10月到2014年10月在我院行SCVBG搭桥的84例患者资料,其中选择大隐静脉作为桥血管进行冠状静脉动脉化搭桥患者46例(大隐静脉桥组),选择乳内动脉作为桥血管进行冠状静脉动脉化搭桥患者38例(乳内动脉桥组)。随访记录两组患者的生存情况、近期复查超声心动图、冠状动脉CTA及心绞痛复发率。结果:乳内动脉桥组患者总生存率(100%)明显高于大隐静脉桥组(82.6%)(P0.05)。乳内动脉桥组患者桥血管和心中静脉通畅率(100%)明显大于大隐静脉桥组(54.35%)(P0.05)。两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)较治疗前明显增加,左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)较治疗前明显减小(P0.05)。治疗后,乳内动脉桥组患者心绞痛复发率明显小于大隐静脉桥组(P0.05)。结论:SCVBG搭桥治疗弥漫性右冠状动脉狭窄病变中,选择乳内动脉桥效果优于大隐静脉桥,能明显提高桥血管和心中静脉通畅率,降低心绞痛复发率。